The Numbered Treaties

Lesson Overview

In this lesson students explore the Numbered Treaties with a focus on present relevance, historical and contemporary relationships, and the benefits shared by all Canadians.

Time Required

One class period

Historical Thinking Concept(s)

• Establish historical significance
• Use primary source evidence
• Identify continuity and change
• Analyze cause and consequence
• Take historical perspectives
• Understand the ethical dimension of historical interpretations.

Learning Outcomes

Students will:

• Explore the historical and contemporary significance of the Numbered Treaties.
• Recognize the enduring significance of the Treaty relationship.
• Examine their own perspectives regarding the Numbered Treaties.

The Lesson Activity

Activating: How will students be prepared for learning?

• Divide students into groups three or four.
• Pass around/display an image of a Treaty medal [see BLM #1.1].
• Instruct students to study both sides of the medal.
• Ask: What is this? Have you seen this before? What are the images on each side of the medal? What do they represent? What questions do you have?
• Read aloud page 32 article “Artifacts from the Numbered Treaties” from the Treaties and the Treaty Relationship issue of Canada’s History magazine.
• Encourage and lead an all-class discussion.

Acquiring: What strategies facilitate learning for groups and individuals?

• Hand out copies of the BLM #2.1 Anticipation Guide to each student.
• Check for understanding: read aloud the statements in the left-hand column.
• Instruct students to write their initial response. There are no right or wrong answers.
• Invite students to share their initial responses in small or large group discussions.
• Provide an overview of the Numbered Treaties, 1871- 1921.
• Encourage questions and discussion.

Applying: How will students demonstrate their understanding?

• Draw students’ attention back to the Anticipation Guide.
• Instruct them to complete the “After” section [Circle: Now, I disagree/Yes, I still agree or add own response].
• Instruct them to complete the “Why” section.
• Invite students to share their responses in small or large group discussions.

Materials/Resources

• Copy/copies of the Treaties and the Treaty Relationship issue of Canada’s History magazine.
• Printed copies of BLM #1.1 and BLM #1.2 – one per student

Extension Activity

Further explore the symbolism in the Treaty medal. Prepare a class bulletin board to display images and student research.