Reconciling the Past in France

Nicole Tutiaux-Guillon has taught at the secondary school level (1973–1998) and in post-secondary education programs (since 2000). She directs research studies of history and geography curriculum with L‘Institut National de Recherhe Pédagogique (INRP) and at Les InstitutsUniversitaires de Formation des Maîtres (IUFM). She has taken part in several international research projects since 1994. Her research relates mainly to history and geography as areas of study at the elementary and secondary grade levels and, more particularly, how curriculum objectives are interpreted, applied and implemented at the classroom level. She has also participated in developing a framework for international comparisons on the teaching and learning of history.