Cape Breton in the Long Twentieth Century

Formations and Legacies of Industrial Capitalism
Reviewed by Nicholas Hamilton Posted March 4, 2025

The industrial boom that reshaped the cultural landscape of Cape Breton Island in the late nineteenth century was as profound as it was short-lived. Cape Breton in the Long Twentieth Century considers the periods of industrialization and deindustrialization the island experienced over the course of more than an actual century, analyzing how these processes determined people’s lives and experiences.

The collection of essays is edited by two associate professors of history at Cape Breton University: Lachlan MacKinnon, who is the Canada Research Chair in Post-industrial Communities, and Andrew Parnaby, the university’s dean of Arts and Social Sciences.

The “long” twentieth century covered in the book encompasses the growth of the coal and steel industries beginning in the 1860s and continues up to the decline of those industries in the early 2000s. A first section entitled “Formations” includes essays analyzing the political forces that drove industrialization and the society they shaped, while the book’s second part, entitled “Legacies,” tracks the cultural effects of rapid deindustrialization.

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The contributors situate Cape Breton within a network of political and social influences. For example, in his essay “Empire, Colonial Enterprise, and Speculation: Cape Breton’s Coal Boom of the 1860s,” Don Nerbas focuses on the coal industry’s development in the context of an interconnected Atlantic world influenced by Canadian, American, and British interests.

Taken together, the essays offer an in-depth look at the diverse Cape Breton communities that have been affected by the ebb and flow of industrial capital. 

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This article originally appeared in the April-May 2025 issue of Canada’s History.

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